pub fn to_base64(bytes: &[u8]) -> String {
    return base64::encode(bytes);
}

pub fn fixed_xor(bytes1: &[u8], bytes2: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
    return bytes1
        .iter()
        .zip(bytes2.iter())
        .map(|(&a, &b)| a ^ b)
        .collect();
}

pub fn repeating_key_xor(plaintext: &[u8], key: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
    return fixed_xor(
        plaintext,
        &key.iter()
            .cycle()
            .take(plaintext.len())
            .cloned()
            .collect::<Vec<u8>>()[..],
    );
}

pub fn hamming(bytes1: &[u8], bytes2: &[u8]) -> u64 {
    count_bits(&fixed_xor(bytes1, bytes2)[..])
}

pub fn pad_pkcs7(block: &[u8], blocksize: u8) -> Vec<u8> {
    let padding_bytes = blocksize - (block.len() % blocksize as usize) as u8;
    return block
        .iter()
        .cloned()
        .chain(std::iter::repeat(padding_bytes).take(padding_bytes as usize))
        .collect();
}

pub fn unpad_pkcs7(block: &[u8]) -> Option<&[u8]> {
    let padding_byte = block[block.len() - 1];
    let padding_len = padding_byte as usize;
    if padding_len > block.len() || padding_len == 0 {
        return None;
    }

    let real_len = block.len() - padding_len;
    if block[real_len..].iter().all(|&c| c == padding_byte) {
        return Some(&block[..real_len]);
    } else {
        return None;
    }
}

fn count_bits(bytes: &[u8]) -> u64 {
    bytes
        .iter()
        .map(|&c| count_bits_byte(c))
        .fold(0, |acc, n| acc + n)
}

fn count_bits_byte(byte: u8) -> u64 {
    (((byte & (0x01 << 0)) >> 0)
        + ((byte & (0x01 << 1)) >> 1)
        + ((byte & (0x01 << 2)) >> 2)
        + ((byte & (0x01 << 3)) >> 3)
        + ((byte & (0x01 << 4)) >> 4)
        + ((byte & (0x01 << 5)) >> 5)
        + ((byte & (0x01 << 6)) >> 6)
        + ((byte & (0x01 << 7)) >> 7)) as u64
}

#[test]
fn test_hamming() {
    assert_eq!(hamming(b"this is a test", b"wokka wokka!!!"), 37);
}